Fat Around Heart Indicates Diseased Coronary Arteries

The layer of fat around your heart can tell a lot about the health of your coronary arteries, says research carried out at Emory University School of Medicine cardiologists. X-ray via CT can measure the size of the fat layer surrounding the heart.

The fat layer around the heart is called epicardial adipose tissue. Knowing the size of the heart’s layer of fat can be used as a gatekeeper, says Paolo Raggi, MD, professor of medicine (cardiology) and radiology, plus director of EUSM’s cardiac imaging center. The imaging result of the heart’s layer of fat can help a cardiologist determine if a nuclear stress test should be the next step for the patient.

A nuclear stress test measures how well the heart uptakes oxygen via blood flow during rest, and during stress (the stress may be in the form of exercise, or chemically induced). According to this new study information, people with a higher volume of fat around the heart tend to have the most dangerous form of plaque buildup: non-calcified plaque.

Calcium, a mineral, tends to accumulate in coronary artery plaques. However, the mere presence of calcium in an individual plaque simply doesn’t always mean impending trouble. Plaques that are not calcified are indicative of active plaque buildup. The adipose tissue surrounding the heart, compared to the fat just beneath the skin, secretes more inflammatory hormones.

When the fat around the heart secretes these inflammatory hormones, this may promote an active plaque buildup process in the coronary arteries. This is demonstrated by the presence of the non-calcified atherosclerotic plaques. These conclusions came from examining 214 patients via cardiac CT.

The patients also received calcium scoring, assessment of fat around the heart, and coronary plaque evaluation. In patients with non-calcified plaques, the volume of fat around the heart was the highest (about 60 percent greater than patients with calcified plaques).

I’m a certified personal trainer. Risk factors for heart disease that you may not know about: chronic sleep of six or less hours per night; chronic sleep of more than nine hours per night; overall total sleep per 24 hours exceeding nine hours; sleep apnea; insulin resistance or prediabetes; chronic anxiety; excess abdominal fat, even if your legs and arms are thin and your weight is “normal” for your height.

Intuitively, you should know that the more fat around your heart, the more likely you will have coronary artery disease.

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