Article on Vitamin Shoppes
Thiamine, or vitamin B1, was the first vitamin to be uncovered. Traditionally, brown or multi grain rice was a basic foods in many Oriental states. The oils contained in the germ of multi grain rice or wheat can go rancid quite quickly, especially when exposed to air ( as when compressed into flour ) and stored at a comfortable temperature. Therefore whole grains have a somewhat restricted lifespan ( which can be extended by sealing them in an airproof container and refrigerating them ).
Thus, in an effort to increase the lifespan of rice, in the 1800s, the Germans perfected rice milling machines which stripped the bran and germ from rice yielding white rice. Advertising of that era convinced people who could afford it that this new white rice was a better food to be wanted. This also was an age of conquest for EU peoples and while Western european colonists in Asian areas adopted the rice-eating habits of the indigenous peoples, they preferred to eat socially-acceptable, dear, white rice rather than the inexpensive brown rice consumed by the local poor folk. Curiously these white settlers and navy personel in the Orient often came down with an illness called beriberi which the poor folk didn’t get. All sorts of interesting reasons for this were proposed, but pretty much all had in common the assumption that beriberi was due to a micro-organism. This was during the height of Louis Pasteur’s famous work on bacteria, so all kinds of sicknesses were suddenly being ascribed to bacterial causes, including beriberi. Evidence of beriberi, lots of which are neurological, include fatigue, irritation, poor memory, sleep disturbances, anorexia, intestinal pain and constipation, nerve Problems like burning sensations in the feet, calf muscle cramps and weakness, and other symptoms.
Vitamin Shoppes Because folk thought that beriberi was caused by a bacterium, this illness was believed to be contagious, and people who contracted it were isolated from well people. There had been much research being conducted to attempt to find the pathogen folks thought caused the illness and so, a remedy for the illness.
Vitamin Shoppes In the 1890s there was an epidemic of beriberi among the Dutch colonists in Java ( yes, there actually is a country by that name ). Deep in the jungles of Java, the Dutch had established a surgery and research lab for beriberi patients. The doctor who ran this facility was Dr. Christian Eijkman. For other research that was being conducted, the lab also kept a flock of ordinary, healthy chickens. At one time when supplies were low, the staff ran out of the cheap, brown rice the chickens were eating, and reluctantly made a decision to splurge and feed the good white rice to the chickens until they could get more of the brown rice. This situation apparently lasted for some time, and the staff started to notice the chickens were showing symptoms similar to the symptoms of the beriberi patients, to the great distress of all who considered this to be a very communicable disease. At last somebody found out that the good white rice was being wasted on the chickens, and the order was passed down to get them back onto inexpensive brown rice. To the amazement of all, when returned to a diet composed of brown rice, the chickens got better. Based totally on this evidence, Dr. Eijkman proposed that beriberi was a nutritional deficiency, not caused by a bacterium, and that something in the rice bran prevents beriberi.
Folk were so convinced that beriberi had to be due to a bacterium that they wouldn’t accept Eijkman’s theory, and he was relieved of his obligations and sent back home.
Vitamin Shoppes In 1911, Casimir Funk, a Polish researcher working in London, isolated and concentrated a substance from rice polish ( bran ) which cured beriberi in a pigeon. Funk determined that chemically, this substance belonged to the category of organic molecules known as amines amd that it was critical to a good life, so he called it a vitamine. This chemical was subsequently named thiamine. We now recognise a number of vitamins ( note that the e had been dropped ), the majority of which are not amines. .
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